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Removal of Thyroid gland by Surgery: Surgical removal of thyroid gland involves either a partial or a complete removal of the entire thyroid gland. If the thyroid gland is removed surgically, caution must be taken to avoid injury to nearby structures, the parathyroid glands and the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Both the glands are vulnerable to accidental removal and/or subjected to injury during a thyroid surgery. Thyroid removal by surgery is based on two major factors. The first one is the thyroid disease, which is necessitating the operation. The second one is the anatomy of the thyroid gland itself. Usually the surgery removes the lobe of the thyroid gland bearing the lump and sometimes, the isthmus as well. A frozen section is also used to decide if the rest of the thyroid gland should be removed or not. Sometimes, based on the result of the frozen section, the surgeon has to take decision to stop and remove no more thyroid tissue, or carry on to remove the complete thyroid gland, and/or other tissue in the neck. Such decision is taken by the surgeon in the operation theatre after watching the complication of the patient.

Removal of Thyroid Gland:The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system and plays a pivotal role in helping the body’s metabolism. The results of thyroid surgery are usually superb. Close monitoring of thyroid hormone manufacturing may need to continue for some months after the surgery. The thyroid gland is found in the neck just above the breastbone. This gland makes hormones that direct how the body uses energy. Hypothyroidism is the condition that takes place when the thyroid doesn’t make enough hormones. Patients with hypothyroidism may feel tired and have dry skin, hoarse voice, constipation, thinning or loss of hair, and slow reactions. Hyperthyroidism is a condition that happens when the thyroid gland produces surplus thyroid hormones. Patients with hyperthyroidism are hyperactive and may lose weight; they have moist skin and increased heart rate.

Removal of thyroid Side effects: Thyroid gland surgery to remove is performed while the patient is under general anesthesia (unconscious and pain-free). A cut is made in the front of the neck for the operation. All or part of the thyroid gland, depending on the particular process, is removed. Additional risks for thyroidectomy include the following: Bleeding and possible airway obstruction Temporary or permanent loss of ability to speak due to paralysis of the vocal chords, insufficient thyroid function (hypothyroidism), injury to the adjacent parathyroid glands and inadequate levels of calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia).

Complete removal of Thyroid gland: Removal of thyroid gland is done through surgery. A small horizontal cut is made across the front of the neck. The skin and fatty tissue covering the neck muscles is then mobilized and spread apart with retractors, and the muscles in front of the neck covering the thyroid gland are alienated in the midline and withdrawn to the side of the gland that needs to be removed, exposing it. The blood supply to the upper pole of the gland is usually controlled by tying off the blood vessels with fine sutures and transecting them. The gland is then rotated towards the middle and the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which usually lies in a groove along the trachea, is identified and traced to its placing in the voice box or larynx. The parathyroid glands are also identified and carefully preserved. The thyroid gland is then separated from the trachea, the tissue between the two thyroid lobes is transected, and the gland is removed. The whole process occurs frequently on the opposite side if the entire gland needs to be removed. It takes almost 60 to 90 minutes for the removal of one lobe of the thyroid surgery, patient has to stay in the hospital for one or two days.

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